Reputation-driven Cooperation in Lattice-based Decentralized Federated Learning through Evolutionary Game Theory
Phuc Hoang Truong Huynh, Dung Tran Vinh, Khoa Duc Anh Lam, An Nghiem Nguyen Truong, Uyen Nha Tran Bui, Khang Nguyen Dinh, Bao Nguyen Le Gia, Minh Le Nguyen Nhat, Manh Hong Duong, The Anh Han, Thi Ai Thao Nguyen, and Le Hong Trang
Abstract
Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) has emerged as an optimal privacy-preserving solution; however, it remains vulnerable to opportunistic behaviors due to the absence of a central coordinator. While Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) serves as a powerful framework for analyzing such behaviors, existing studies often assume that agents possess perfect rationality and maintain static strategies. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel EGT framework designed to analyze strategic evolution and enhance overall system performance. The primary contributions of this work are threefold: First, we model peer-to-peer (P2P) interactions on a lattice network structure under the assumption of bounded rationality. Second, we formulate a comprehensive payoff matrix incorporating training costs, communication overhead, and cooperative rewards, while tailoring a strategy update rule that captures spatial propagation dynamics. Third, we integrate a reputation-based reward-and-punishment mechanism to effectively deter free-riding behaviors. Simulation results demonstrate that the framework significantly outperforms the baseline. Specifically, it increases average accuracy from approximately 70% to 82%, elevates cooperation frequency to approach 100% (compared to below 5% in the baseline), and drops accuracy variance from around 0.40 to 0.002, thereby accelerating uniform convergence and ensuring system stability.